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• 2611

  studieportal / fagskolen-kristiania / fagskoleniva / 2611
• Lana Berglund

  om-kristiania / ansatte / fagskolen-kristiania / kvalitet-og-utvikling / lana-berglund

  Lana
• Set-Theoretic Methods

  studieportal / hoyskolen-kristiania / doktorgradsniva / pit9210-3 / set-theoretic-methods
• Project Management at the Theatre

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2021 / 08 / project-management-at-the-theatre

  ONGOING RESEARCH @ KRISTIANIA Creative industries To many in creative industries, the  framework and vocabulary of project management seems unfamiliar to how they perceive their project-based work. Nonetheless they manage to develop and complete complex large-scale projects. The flexible and dynamic nature of project management in creative industries, along with an impressive ability to complete complex projects within set deadlines are under-researched and highlight the promise this field holds for the future of project management studies. Read also: Kunnskap Kristiania, the Innovation Issue  (E-magazine) Increasing popularity From their roots in traditional organizational models of engineering and industrial mass production, a myriad of project management frameworks have emerged over the last few decades. Spearheaded by the software development industry, new and agile approaches to project management which emphasize creativity and flexibility, have been widely popularized and adapted in a wide range of industries, including creative industries. Despite their increasing popularity and usage however, knowledge about the appropriateness of project management philosophies in creative industries is limited. This is all the more surprising considering that this sector is considered to be one of the most established `industries’ when it comes to project-based, temporary organizational structures. Read also: Bak musikkbransjens glamorøse fasade (in Norwegian) Challenges Facing Creative Industries The increasing use of `project´ as a form of organization of work in both the private and public sector, also within creative industries, has made it possible to talk about a projectification of society. Some have gone so far as to suggest that short-term, project-based and contractual models of organization observed in the creative industries are harbingers of the next `new economy´ and could become the dominating organizational model for the broader, knowledge-based economy. Since the creative industry is highlighted as a rapidly growing part of international labor markets and play an increasing role for many countries' value creation and attractiveness, it is necessary to improve our understanding of how these organizational and leadership models work alongside the problems they face. The biggest challenge connected to the application of project methods and tools in the creative industries is the potential mismatch between using a streamlined and rigid approach of project management within the more flexible, creative industries. Project view on artistic production There is a need for more research exploring the contribution of the artistic, creative and explorer mindsets to project management. I will explore this field through a PhD and the research will be framed around the following key questions; How do the creative industries manage to complete large-scale, complex projects despite not necessarily identifying with project management terms and methodology? What elements of their practices can be understood to match with existing approaches and which, if any, represent entirely new ways of approaching the management of projects? To what extent can these insights be fruitfully applied to other project based work, both within and outside the creative industries? The project work form is important in the creative industry because all artistic production can be seen as a single project, be it a concert, a festival, a dance performance, a film or a theatre production. Read also: Skapte nye forbindelser mellom sang, dans og skuespill   Characteristics of theatre projects To explore my key questions I intend to focus on the performing arts, in particular theatre productions (projects). They differs from other industries in having a variety of unique aspects which can provide important insights. Most theatrical producers and directors work with project management and planning in order to be able to coordinate everything. However, even though they use models for project context, they don´t necessarily identify with project management terms and methodology. The history of theatre is much longer than the comparatively short history of modern project management and during this long tradition a set of successful routines emerged which, consequently, could be considered as models for project contexts outside of theatre. While theatre productions exhibit a strong focus on human, creative and aesthetic aspects, they also involve other activities that are similar to more standard project management functions. Managerial personnel in a theatre operation must manage a complex of interrelated processes to ensure that crucial activities are completed on time.  During the project, manuscripts are finished, teams are designed, scene construction and costumes developed, plans for rehearsal processes are made, plays and music are rehearsed. In parallel to these activities, the upcoming play is marketed and tasks related to economy, work conditions and stake-holders among others. An interesting aspect of theatre work is the common goal; the premiere. The completion of the project (production of the play) is subject to perhaps an even more critical deadline than projects managed in other industries, for example construction. It is very rare to hear about postponing or delaying a play in theatre, an interesting and possibly useful aspect that could be applied to other industries. Together, these unique characteristics highlight how the performing arts provide a rich and under-researched setting for new approaches and insights in the field of project management. References: Jones, Candanse, Mark Lorenzen, and Jonathan Sapsed. 2017. The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Petrović, Dejan, Vesna Milićević, and Adam Sofrinijević. 2017. “Application of project management in creative industry”. European Project Management Journal 7 (2): 59-66. Pielichaty, Hanya, Georgiana Els, Ian Reed, and Vanessa Mawer. 2017. Events project management. Adingdon: Routledge. This popular article presents higlights form a research proposal on Project management and creative industries in the era of projectification. This article is first published in  Kunnskap Kristiania, The Innovation Issue  (link to E-magazine) released on August 19, 2021. Text: Assistant professor Silje Straume, School of Arts, Design and Media, Kristiania University College. We love hearing from you: Send your comments and questions regarding this article by E-mail to  kunnskap@kristiania.no .  

  
• The Power of a Story

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2020 / 05 / the-power-of-a-story

  KRISTIANIA TOOLBOX: Storytelling Businesses need to do more than just define who they are and what they do. They also need to engage employees, customers and shareholders, by translating their purpose, values and actions into relevant narratives that enable people to express their identities. Stories then are not simply functional but emotional instruments that create meaning and stimulate ideas by delivering logos (rational argument), pathos (emotional connection) and ethos (moral authority).  What does this mean in practice? Both start-ups (eg   bbhugme ) and well-established organizations (eg   Rapha ,   Greenpeace ,   Telenor ) create different sorts of narratives: foundational myths, values-based stories and everyday anecdotes. Some of these narratives will endure, but others, that fail to resonate, will disappear. Read also:   Adidas’ Back to the Future Strategy Natural way of communicating ideas From the organizations’s perspective, storytelling is a way to share knowledge and experience by creating a feeling of connectivity and involvement and to link the past to the future. We hear a story about a brand and it can stir our imagination – we might believe this is a company I want to work for or a product I want to support. Storytelling also enables an organization to communicate an idea of itself that is distinctively different from other organizations. The reality is that because storytelling is such a natural way of communicating ideas, organizations will be using stories whether they plan and execute a programme or not. Read also:   Co-creation of Brands How Tony’s Chocolonely tells its story As an illustration of the power of stories, take the Dutch chocolate brand,   Tony’s Chocolonely . Tony’s Chocolonely didn’t set out to be a brand – it was a protest by three Dutch journalists about the use of slavery in cocoa farming in West Africa. They built a narrative around the issue, through a TV programme produced by one the journalists and then by one of the journalists handing himself into the police for eating a product that he knew was produced by slaves. When the case went to court he was acquitted, but it made the issue national news. To make their point, they then decided to create their own chocolate brand, called Tony’s Chocolonely (after one of the journalists, who was called Teun). The brand was an immediate success, selling out its entire first production run in the first day. Read also:   Why consumers co-create Bought into the story Customers bought into the Tony’s Chocolonely story, not least through the wrapper which features a graphic about slave free chocolate and tells the story of how cocoa is produced by slaves.  In 2012 Tony’s Chocolonely also introduced the unequally divided chocolate bar, (to express the unequal nature of the chocolate business) featuring the shapes of the cocao producing countries of West Africa.  Angela Ursem , Movement Maker at Tony’s Chocolonely says, ‘We sold over 40 million pieces last year, and that means that there are potentially 40 million people that get in touch with our mission. So, it’s a super important communication piece. And of course, this is also really where the whole Tony story started and it’s also not that we created a chocolate bar, and then we created the story. No, the story was first, about the mission, that we want to eradicate child labour and modern slavery from the cocoa supply chain, and then we decided to make a chocolate bar. So, it’s first the story, then the bar, and then the branding.’ Today, Tony’s Chocolonely is in many different countries (including Norway) and, as of 2019, it is the largest chocolate brand in the Netherlands. Interestingly, it has never used paid media to achieve this position. Rather it tells its story through its product and encourages its customers to share narratives about the brand and its cause. Storytelling comes with obligations While storytelling is persuasive, we should also exercise some caution about its use. First, what the organization intends to communicate with a story, is not necessarily how it will be received.   As the semiotician, Roland Barthes noted in his famous article, ‘The Death of the Author’, the meaning of something is not determined by the author of a story, but by its receiver. What Barthes noted in his 1968 essay is further compounded by the prevalence of social media, which can sometimes enrich (as is mostly the case with Tony’s Chocolonely) or sometimes confuse the message through different interpretations. Second, the credibility of a story relies on how well it is told, but also whether it aligns with other organizational stories and actions.   Telling stories – as Barthes also observed – is an editing process.  As the writer of the story we choose to both reveal and conceal. Editing can help bring meaning to the fore, but it can also undermine it.  So, while we should embrace the power of stories as an effective way of communicating, we should also recognise that storytelling comes with obligations. References: Roland Barthes (1968) ‘ The Death of the Author ’.  Yiannis Gabriel (2000) ‘Storytelling in Organizations.’ Oxford University Press. James Geary (2012) ‘I is an other: the secret life of metaphor and how it shapes the way we see the world.’  Harper Perennial. Sandra Horlings (2016) ‘Crazy about chocolate, serious about people’in Brands with a Conscience: how to build a successful and responsible brand. Eds Ind N and Horlings S., Kogan Page, 85-101. This article is written for Kunnskapsmagasinet Kristiania and first published on May 19th, 2020. Text:  Professor Nicholas Ind, Department of Economics and Innovation, Kristiania University College and Holger Schmidt.

  
• Set-Theoretic Methods

  studieportal / hoyskolen-kristiania / doktorgradsniva / pit9210 / set-theoretic-methods
• VFX 1 Set Extensions

  studieportal / fagskolen-kristiania / fagskoleniva / vfx2100 / vfx-1-set-extensions
• The Rise of Generation Co

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2020 / 09 / the-rise-of-generation-co

  KNOWLEDGE @ KRISTIANIA: Nicholas Ind on Geberation Co We know different societies vary in terms of their orientation towards individualism (me) and collectivism (we), rooted in their histories, political systems and cultural values.  We also know that the orientation—from Asian Confucianism to northern European social democracy to American individualism—has consequences in terms of social trust and cohesion. What we have seen, in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, is that wherever societies start from on the “me-we” continuum, there has been a movement towards the “we”. This is not universal: we can observe steps in the other direction, particularly by those who feel threatened by others who are seen to be somehow culpable for spreading the virus or for restraining individual freedom. Read also:   Why consumers co-create Yet, what can be observed in the innumerable acts of kindness towards others, the willingness to raise funds for social causes, the commitment of health care professionals and service workers, and the ongoing concern for the well-being of friends and family, is a resurgence of “we”—the sense of a common humanity underpinning society. The question is, will this endure? Read also:   Co-creating Brands with a Purpose Generation Co Our judgement is that Generation Co—a multi-generational cohort—will maintain its commitment to others. This will be expressed locally, face-to-face, as people work together to solve problems and seize opportunities in their community, and globally, primarily through online networks that can bring together people with shared interests and common passions—whether it be conscious fashion, sustainable food sourcing or climate change. Whereas, local versus global, has often been described in terms of oppositions (citizens of Somewhere against citizens of Nowhere), we view the global  and  local as co-existing in Generation Co. People are simultaneously embedded in local activities and part of global networks. Identity will increasingly be determined both by our Somewhere and Nowhere roles. There are three interconnected factors that support this. Read also:   Making your knowledge more impactful The means to connect Philosophers, sociologists, psychologists and anthropologists give strong emphasis to the importance of being-with; being connected to others is essential for us. This is concerned both with frequency of contact and the depth of relationship, which in turn determines how emotionally connected we are and how altruistic we are to each other.  The more open we are, the better we are able to empathize and to understand other people’s motivations and intentions. Ironically, while the COVID-19 crisis has created social distancing, it has also stimulated an awareness of the need for social connection. This has led to a realization of the importance of being with others, both physically in small groups, but also online through social media and the power of platforms such as Zoom and Teams. Whereas the former is very specifically local, online platforms allow for global connectivity. It is likely that this will continue. The effervescence of social life, which describes the buzz of being with others and the lingering sensation of joy afterwards, is a powerful incentive for people to connect and share. Taking responsibility If the dopamine generated by social connectedness provides people with the motivation to connect, collectivity enables them to effect change. As the philosopher Karl Popper observed, institutions cannot improve themselves—that is the responsibility of people. A powerful example of this, prior to the COVID-19 crisis, was the campaigning on climate change by Greta Thunberg. She is an apt example of Popper’s point, in that she took on the responsibility to improve the failings of institutions in terms of climate change. She did not start out on a global quest, but her organic, localized protest, amplified by media (social and otherwise) became global and highly influential. The crisis also generated local heroes, such as Capt Tom Moore, who at age 99, set out to complete 100 laps of his garden before his 100th birthday as a way to raise £1,000 for the National Health Service and ended up raising £32 million; and individuals who have contributed to collectives such as Coronavirus Makers, where some 20,000 people have designed, produced and distributed material for health institutions to fight COVID-19. As these examples demonstrate, spurred by perceived injustices, unfair practices or causes that need addressing, people will take responsibility for the world around them, independent of institutions. However, we might add that governments also play a role in sponsoring change. It was noteworthy, that the Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte also asked the young people of the Netherlands to help think about how the country should tackle the coronavirus crisis. Co-creating solutions that are participative and fair Rutte’s request was interesting, not least because it demonstrated a willingness to listen to citizens. For the greater good, governments have mandated behavioural change on a significant scale and overridden many of the concerns of citizens. As some of the constraints of COVID-19 begin to loosen, albeit falteringly, we would argue that Rutte’s response is the right one. Governments, institutions and businesses need to recognize that citizens want to play an active role in deliberating about their futures. Voters are adults, who expect to be part of a “grown-up” debate, not just individuals to be influenced to vote this way or that in computer-assisted, targeted communication. This doesn’t negate the role of government as an arbiter and influencer, but it does recognize the important role people can play in co-creating post-pandemic solutions that are participative and fair—and not dictated by narrow self-interest. In conclusion, overall our view is essentially optimistic. The Generation Co that has emerged in the crisis is cognizant of not only their connectedness to others, but their responsibility to shape their local and global environments for the common good. The power of a strong idea and the prevalence of social media also enables a cause to transcend the local and realize broader benefits. We foresee that wise governments will encourage this initiative and promote genuine democracy. We expect to see a new generation of more “conscientious” leaders arising from Generation Co, driven less by self-interest (or self-obsession) and more by a social compass. References: C. Hampden-Turner and F. Trompenaars:  Building Cross-Cultural Competence: How to Create Wealth from Conflicting Values.  Yale, Conn.: Yale University Press 2000. F. Fukuyama:  Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity . New York: the Free Press 1995.    D. Goodhart:  The Road to Somewhere: the Populist Revolt and the Future of Politics . London: C. Hurst & Co. 2017. Theresa May, the Prime Minister of the UK also used this theme at the 2016 Conservative party conference when she said, ‘… if you believe you are a citizen of the world, you are a citizen of nowhere. You don’t understand what citizenship means.’ C. Gamble. J. Gowlett and R. Dunbar:  Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind.  London: Thames and Hudson 2018. D. C. Dennett:  Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life.  New York: Simon and Schuster 1995.  K. Popper:  The Open Society and Its Enemies.  Milton Park: Routledge 2002. This article is previously published as a blogpost on the web pages of Medinge Group on September 17, 2020 under the headline « Generation Co on Society: From me to we ». Text:  Professor Nicholas Ind, Department of Economics and Innovation, Kristiania University College and Holger Schmidt. Photo:   Generation Co influencing society. Illustration Photo by Priscilla Du Preez on Unsplash.

  
• Adidas’ Back to the Future Strategy

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2020 / 04 / adidas-back-to-the-future-strategy

  KNOWLEDGE @ KRISTIANIA: Brand Strategy The orientation when formulating strategy is to look forwards – to think where we need to be 3 years or 5 years ahead. Yet, it is only possible to implement strategies when they are seen to be authentic by employees and other stakeholders and when they build on the distinctive capabilities of the organization. To explore this need to understand the past when planning for the future, we conducted an in-depth study of the sports brands, adidas.  Adidas is an interesting case because of its long history and because it also consciously rejected its past with quite disastrous consequences. Read also:   Co-creation of Brands The Adidas Story Adidas, dates back to 1924 when it was known as the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik.  It was started by shoe-maker and keen sports enthusiast Adi Dassler and his brother Rudolf. From the early days, it reflected Adi Dassler’s interests in sports and his approach to innovation which involved him in observing athletes, talking to them about their needs, and then experimenting with innovative ways of solving problems with new forms and materials. While it was a very successful business – with an athlete wearing Dassler spikes winning a gold in the 1928 Olympics and four times gold medal winner, Jesse Owens triumphing in the company’s shoes in the 1936 games in Munich – the second World War required that the company make army boots instead. Read also:   Svetter ut kunnskap om kundene dine   (in Norwegian) On its knees After the war, Adi and Rudolf fell out and went their separate ways, with Adi creating adidas and his brother, Puma.  Adidas continued Adi’s philosophy of industrialised craftsmanship and focus on athletes, even as the company scaled up in size.  By 1978, when Adi died, it was a billion dollar company with 4000 employees and dominated the world of sports shoes and clothing. Here though the company’s success unravelled. In a deliberate rejection of the past, the company set out on a new path, taking it into leisurewear and camping equipment. Adi’s extensive collection of sports shoes and his copious notebooks were put into storage and forgotten. Design and product quality deteriorated and employees were unclear as to the company’s direction. By 1990 the company was on its knees and the family sold the business. Read also:   How crisis Zoomed us away from Skype Discovering a gold mine As the company spiraled downwards, its managers sought salvation in two former Nike employees called Rob Strasser and Peter Moore. On their first visit to adidas they were taken on a tour of a small museum. Peter Moore remembers, “It only took about 5 minutes in the museum before I realized that these people had nothing but a gold mine in their hands and that they really had no idea what they had.” Moore and Strasser could see what adidas managers could not – that the company had a rich history that could be drawn upon to create a new strategy to revitalize the company. Read also:   Why consumers co-create Recovering from near bankruptcy They went back to Adi Dassler’s philosophy and developed a new range of performance products, called Equipment, that built on the brand’s history. Then they selected a few classic shoes from the adidas archive, updated them and sold them under the name Originals.  In a 250 word memo to the board, Strasser and Moore noted, ‘Adidas Equipment will be complemented by Adidas Originals. These were the leading sports shoes of their time. They were the Adidas Equipment of the 60s and 70s, just as Adidas Equipment today will generate the originals of the year 2000.’   The move was remarkably prescient. Originals saved the company and such shoes as the Stan Smith and the Superstar are still on sale today.  Recovering from near bankruptcy in 1989, by 1999 sales had recovered to €5.3 billion with profits of €398 million. Lyst til å forandre verden?:   Ta en Master i Innovasjonsledelse History has come to play a central role However this is not just a story of a 30 year old turnaround.  History has come to play a central role in adidas’s strategy. While it is one thing to uncover history, it is another to remember, curate and embed it. Adidas have realized this by rebuilding the company’s archive, building memory tools, producing a history book, creating a history management department and integrating the philosophy of Adi Dassler into its design of products and services. When it came to developing a new strategy in 2015, called Creating the New, that connection to the past was very evident.  As Peter Moore told us,‘What Liedtke [Chief Marketing Officer] and Gaudio [global creative director] have done with the brand, which is more or less an extension and expansion of the strategy Rob and I presented way back, really shows the power and durability of the Adidas brand.’ Three lessons on the use of History Reflecting on all the interviews we conducted with long serving employees, the meetings we attended and the archival material we looked at, we concluded there were three important elements. First, you have to institutionalise the use of history.   Particularly notable in the adidas case was the establishment of an active history management department that engaged itself in new product development.  Second, outsiders can play an important role.   While the value of the past wasn’t seen by insiders, it was very quickly realized by the former Nike managers, who saw things with new eyes. Third, strategies are only effective if they are implemented.   And for that they need legitimacy.  It was interesting when we interviewed those adidas employees who were there in 1990 and the emotional engagement that they had with a strategy that felt to them authentic.  One of them told us, As funny as it sounds, I remember the goosebumps I had when they [Moore and Strasser] for the first time made me and many others really, really proud of where we work, and understand what a great brand it is.’ References: Iglesias, O., Ind, N., & Schultz, M. (2020).   History matters: The role of history in corporate brand strategy.  Business Horizons, 63(1), 51-60. Ind, N (2017):   adidas: rediscovering the source of its success.   Case Study. Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation. Photo: Adidas was established in 1924 by shoe-maker and keen sports enthusiast Adi Dassler (picture) and his brother Rudolf (Photo – Adidas). Text:   Professor Nicholas Ind, Department of Economics and Innovation, Kristiania University College.
• The AI Lab

  forskning / forskningsgrupper / ailab

  The AI Lab
• The invisible skill everyone will need

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2026 / 6 / The-invisible-skill-everyone-will-need

  SCIENCE NEWS FROM KRISTIANIA: Coding Coding is no longer a skill pertaining only to developers and “computer people ”.   It is a fundamental skill in this digital age;   it’s   a way of thinking, an approach to problem solving.   There is   a reason why   I call it   magic .   The foundation of all computing machinery lies in mathematics. But how did we go from 0s and 1s to finn.no and secure online banking? For many, it can seem abstract how simple electrical pulses can   ultimately give   rise to something as complex as ChatGPT.   T his "magic"   doesn't   materialize from thin   air,   it's   built on a foundation far more precise than any   magic   spell book.    Knowing how to code gives   you   life skills   E veryone should learn   how   to code! If not as a career choice, as a problem-solving skill, and as a fundamental skill in the digital age.    When you program, there is a certain way to approach a problem, there are certain rules you must respect , and there   are certain steps you   must follow . You analyze a   problem and design a solution, clearly defining each step needed to reach it .    You are applying a structured problem-solving approach.    This is a useful skill not only in programming but in any field where complex problems arise.    Moreover, debugging a piece of code (investigate the code step by step to check where an issue arises), teaches patience and resilience.    Programming is no longer limited to software engineers; it is becoming a core skill across diverse fields such as finance, healthcare, and marketing.    In finance, it enables analysts to automate complex calculations, analyze market trends, and develop predictive models.    In healthcare, programming   powers   diagnostic tools, data management systems, and personalized treatment algorithms.    In marketing, it allows professionals to analyze consumer behavior,   optimize   campaigns, and implement data-driven strategies.    As industries increasingly rely on data and automation, programming has become an essential tool for problem-solving, innovation, and efficiency across   virtually every   sector.   Do you want a program to make your coffee – here you are!   Coding   isn’t   always about solving serious problems   – it   can be fun too. You can automate all sorts of trivial tasks. One programmer, for instance, wrote a program to make the office coffee machine brew a latte. The code waits 17 seconds before starting the brew, and once   it’s   ready, it waits another 24 seconds before pouring the coffee into a mug ( Abrakadabra ? No ,   exec   make_coffee ) .    The timing was calculated based on how long it took this programmer to walk from his desk to the coffee machine; perfectly timed automation! This story may or may not be true, but here is the GitHub link so you can check it yourselves:   https://github.com/NARKOZ/hacker-scripts   . Sometimes you write code not because you must, but because   you can,   and that’s pure power.   Understanding programming enhances digital literacy. When you know how it works, you better understand how apps and website function, seeing beyond the interface to the logic behind clicks, forms, and page transitions. You begin to recognize delays, understand how inputs connect to databases, and appreciate the complexity behind features like search or recommendations. This knowledge also helps you tell whether something is broken or simply misused. As your technical intuition grows, you become more confident exploring   new technologies , knowing they often rely on the same fundamental principles.   Code, programming, syntax – what does it all mean?   You’ve   likely heard  the  terms  coding, programming, and programming languages, but  it’s  worth clarifying them .   A code  is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do, and coding is the act of writing those instructions.    While often used interchangeably,  programming  goes a step further ;  it includes not only writing code but also designing,  testing , and  maintaining  it, often involving algorithms and data structures.   For example, you can write code using HTML, CSS, Python, or Java. However, HTML and CSS are not programming languages since they lack computational logic.    Programming is no longer limited to software engineers In contrast, languages like Python, Java, and C are considered  programming languages  because they can perform logical operations and calculations.   Whether you are writing a simple calculator program that runs in the console, or develop ing  complex systems, the amazing feeling when your code compiles and runs correctly is universal and indisputable. You might feel like Luffy or Superman (pick your favorite superhero).   Yet just like Superman, we have our kryptonite. It starts with  syntax .   “ It's  leviOsa , not  levioSA !” – Yeah, coding is fun,   until a small mistake like a missing semicolon, bracket, or even a space causes an error.    Luckily for us, modern tools make it easy to spot such errors, unless u want to live in a cave and use Notepad++ (which,  don’t  get me wrong, I personally love).    Y ou also run into compatibility issues, collaboration challenges when working in teams, and,  sooner or later , the classic line every developer has used at least once: “It works on my machine!”   (Here is a question for you dear reader: how to program a program that programs a program?)    The world’s first programmer Ada Lovelace   is widely recognized as the first computer programmer, and yet she lived in the 1800s (1815-1852). Even though she did not program in what we consider today as programming, she created what is now known as “ an execution trace ”,  or an algorithm written for execution by a machine (note that the concept of algorithm itself is much older).    She worked  on  the Analytical Engine, a project  initiated  by Charles Babbage. While Babbage himself was mostly concerned with numeric calculation, Lovelace recognized that computation could be applied to far more than numbers, which earned her recognition as the world’s first programmer .           Nearly a  century later, Alan Turing introduced the Turing Machine (1936), an idealized mathematical model that captures the core principles of modern computing: reading and writing memory, executing instructions, and transitioning between states. Although abstract, this concept laid the theoretical foundation for programmable machines and  remains  one of the most influential ideas in computer science. Building on this  theoretical groundwork, the field soon moved toward practical ways of instructing machines.   The magic behind your gaming and online shopping   Let’s  now  dive in to  more important stuff : magic.   It  doesn’t  matter if you are a fresh developer, or a seasoned  one,  we all started with one phrase: “Hello World ”.   printf ( “Hello,   World!\ n”);   System.out.println (“Hello World”);   echo( “Hello   World!\ n”);   And indeed,  it did open  a  Whole New World  for us!    The computer is the magic carpet that allows us to explore the world, our modern wand that allows us to create.    A structured mix of elements, silicone, copper, gold,  etc , in a box; a few phrases and words combined in a very particular way to be translated in another set of instructions, then to 1s and 0s, which represent electrical pulses  – these  are able to help you write your papers, create your presentations, watch a video, play Minecraft   and shop online! If that is not magical...!   We have grown so used to our computers, to our tablets and our phones, that we have forgotten to recognize the magic behind all the science that makes it possible .   Programming unit es   people   Programming languages are universal tools that break cultural and linguistic barriers, allowing developers from different countries, backgrounds, and time zones to collaborate.    Whether   it’s   contributing to an open-source project, building a cross-border app, or sharing algorithms online, programming provides a common language that unites people around shared goals. Therefore, coding   doesn’t   just create softw a re ;   it creates a global community where ideas, solutions, and innovation can flow freely across borders. (Gaming does that too, but that is another article.)    In this global community ,   humor thrives too. Who says nerds cannot be funny !    Whether you are in Oslo, New York or Tokyo, a good programming pun is universally understood.    // When I wrote this, only God and I understood what I was doing.    // Now, God only knows.   Some   comments are funny because they are clever, and some are funny because they are relatable. It is not exactly   Rictusempra 2 ,   but if   it   made   you smile, welcome to the nerd club!    We have come a long way since Lovelace, but the future sounds exciting and the best is yet to come.   <? echo “Happy coding!”?>   References:   Bauer, F. L., &   Wössne , H. (1972). The “ Plankalkül ” of Konrad   Zuse : a forerunner of today's programming languages.   Communications of the ACM , 678-685.   Denning, P. J. (2003). Great principles of computing .   Communications of the ACM , 15-20.   Wang, Y. (2024). The Countess of Computing: Ada Lovelace's Lasting Impact on Modern Technology.   Intelligence Planet Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications .   Text: Iva Kertusha , PhD candidate, Faculty for health and technology, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences. We love hearing from you! Send your comments and questions regarding this article by e-mail to   kunnskap@kristiania.no .

  
• DocBR2: The Qualitative Researcher

  studier / nettstudier / enkeltemne / docbr2-the-qualitative-researcher

  Emnet introduserer kvalitative forskningsmetoder. Du lærer å vurdere fordeler og ulemper ved forskjellige kvalitative metoder og hvordan forskjellige metoder kan kombineres.

  Nettstudium

  Enkeltemne

  Heltid \ Deltid
• Why we empower the authoritarian leader in times of fear

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2025 / 6 / Why-we-empower-the-authoritarian-leader-in-times-of-fear

  SCIENCE NEWS FROM KRISTIANIA: Leadership We often turn to strong leadership in times of uncertainty, chaos and crisis. The philosopher Thomas Hobbes pointed this out as early as the 1600s. Living in a time of conflict, he believed that only a strong state, led by strong leaders, could hold society together. His ideas can’t be scientifically proven, but they have helped shape a lasting belief in strong leadership. These days, strong leaders are thriving. The U.S. president sees himself - despite his egotism, childishness, and bullying behaviour - as a strong leader. And he prefers the company of others like him. When leaders like him team up with tech billionaires obsessed with corporate-style leadership, it’s time to buckle up. In times of disorder, people in general seem to be more willing to hand over power In the background, the manosphere is lurking. It glorifies masculinity, self-discipline, mental and physical toughness. Add a growing fan base for Ayn Rand’s controversial novel, Atlas Shrugged, and a pattern starts to emerge. Strong leadership can also be destructive   Many strong leaders want the power to act without interference. Take Trump, for example. He tries to dethrone anyone who challenges him: the media, the courts, even public institutions.  In times of disorder, people in general seem to be more willing to hand over power. We want someone to take control. To lead us through the storm. But we don’t always stop to question how that power is being used. Strong leaders who crave control often distrust transparency and democratic processes, as these processes slow things down and limit the freedom to act. Strong leadership is, of course, not always a bad thing. Yet some of the very traits that make leaders appear strong, like aggression, egocentrism and narcissism, can also be deeply destructive. Employee participation is head ing in the wrong direction   We are an ocean away from the U.S., and Norwegian society is very different. Still, we need to be mindful of admiring leaders who are given too much power and unlimited manouvring space. In my latest book, Lederisme , I argue that society has shifted in ways that benefit leaders. Over the past 30 to 40 years, the leadership profession has gained more economic, cultural, social, and symbolic power. Set geopolitics aside, and we’ll see that when faced with unlimited leadership power, Norwegian workplace democracy is unlikely to escape without lasting harm When leaders are given too much freedom to act, cracks begin to show in the democratic Norwegian labour model. A gradual shift is occurring - tilting the balance from employees to employers. Studies show a steady erosion of employees’ rights to participate and influence decisions. Unlimited leadership is risky   Strong leaders with no checks and balances threaten social contracts, institutions and established principles. That is the reality European leaders are now painfully learning, as they see long-standing structures being dismantled. In these cases, democratic ideals do not help. Only the hard truths of power politics apply. They must mobilise alternatives to unchecked power faster than they are able to. Set geopolitics aside, and we’ll see that when faced with unlimited leadership power, Norwegian workplace democracy is unlikely to escape without lasting harm. The question is, how suitable is labour democracy for handling contemporary challenges in the workplace? The answer to that question remains open. But the solution is certainly not to give leaders who are loyal only to their principles and themselves unlimited power and freedom to act. Being decisive and action-oriented are valuable leadership traits. But only when paired with accountability. Otherwise, if strong leaders with unchecked power – fuelled by global trends and blind admiration for strength – are given too much room, the working life in this country could face serious consequences.   Text: Tom Karp, professor, School of Communication, Leadership and Marketing, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences.    This article was first published in the Norwegian edition of Dagens Næringsliv on the 28th of February 2025 under the title  “ Sterke ledere er i vinden ”.   We love hearing from you! Send your comments and questions regarding this article by e-mail to   kunnskap@kristiania.no .    

  
• The Online Learning Agreement (OLA)

  for-studenter / studier-i-utlandet / the-online-learning-agreement-ola

  The Online Learning Agreement (OLA)
• The Future

  studieportal / fakultet-for-samfunn-kunst-og-medier / masterniva / iaf4100 / the-future
• DocBR3: The Quantitative Researcher

  studier / nettstudier / enkeltemne / docbr3-the-quantitative-researcher-

  Dette kurset introduserer kvantitative forskningsmetoder for doktorgradsstudenter i næringsliv og ledelse. Det vil gi en forståelse av de forskjellige teknikkene som er tilgjengelige fra datainnsamling til analyse.

  Nettstudium

  Enkeltemne

  Heltid \ Deltid
• The Johan Arndt Marketing Conference

  fakulteter / fakultet-for-ledelse-og-okonomi / institutt-for-markedsforing-og-okonomi / the-johan-arndt-marketing-conference

  
• Lord of The Things

  aktuelt / 2020 / 10 / lord-of-the-things

  Torgersen undrer seg nærmest over alle ting her på jord. Han skriver om angsten. Livet. Brorskapet. Døden. Tiden som renner ut. Selv fyller han gjerne minuttene, dagene og årene med ord. Den 8. oktober slapp han albumet «Ny tromme» der han samarbeider tett med musiker og produsent Kenneth Ishak. I høst holder de flere konserter i Oslo. – Hvilket univers kommer disse tekstene dine fra? – Veldig mange av tekstene på dette albumet er ting som har blitt skrevet ned når jeg har vært ute på reise, ting jeg har sett, ting jeg har tenkt, som jeg har jobbet videre med. Mytologi og religion har opptatt meg i stor grad de fem, seks siste åra. Jeg har forsøkt å lage noe som er personlig og nært, men som samtidig kan inneholde noe underlig og eventyrlig. Skrivinga blir et ritual, å spille den inn blir et ritual, å spille live blir et ritual. Prosesser jeg kan gå inn i, hvor jeg slipper vekk fra meg selv. – Hvor nær ligger denne stemmen i låtene din egen indre stemme? – Jeg vet ikke om jeg har én egen stemme. Men det er jo i utgangspunktet mine observasjoner og tanker. Men jeg har brukt mye tid på å bearbeide dem, først som tekst på papiret, så som opplest tekst, og så til slutt til musikken. Når teksten møter musikken til Ishak er det i hvert fall ikke lenger bare min indre stemme. Det blir vårt felles utrykk. Skrivinga blir et ritual, å spille den inn blir et ritual, å spille live blir et ritual. Prosesser jeg kan gå inn i, hvor jeg slipper vekk fra meg selv. Mentormotoren I likhet med så mange av sine studenter på Tekst og skribent er Bård Torgersen aka Lord Bård aka 1349 Rykkinn et multitalent. Men ulikt alle sine studenter har læreren holdt det gående i snart fire tiår med sin grensesprengende utforskning. Sitt kvalitetshåndverk. Torgersen underviser ved Westerdals institutt for kommunikasjon og design, og fungerer gjerne som mentor for sine studenter etter at de er ferdige med utdannelsen. Da tidligere student Nina K. Lillebo ga ut bok på Aschehoug i mars 2019 sa hun om Torgersen: «Jeg merka hans engasjement, han var like dedikert til historien min som jeg var. Så jeg stolte blindt på ham. Jeg skrev med penn så jeg ikke kunne pusse ut, og Bård gikk foran meg og dytta janteloven unna meg så jeg fikk gå i fred». – Hvorfor strekker du deg så langt for å hjelpe talenter med å slå ut vingene? – Det er hyggelig at studenter opplever det sånn. Jeg er veldig glad i å jobbe med dem. Å lese tekster som ikke er ferdige. Det er en unik mulighet til å få innblikk i hvordan andre ser, opplever, føler om verden. Jeg er yrkesskada, jeg synes ofte «profesjonelle» utgitte tekster er for ferdige, for strukturerte, for lite direkte. Så det er spennende å jobbe med dette, å få studentene til å klare å lande tekster, ferdigstille dem, uten å ta bort for mye, bli for flinke. Jeg håper alltid at de ikke ender opp med å gjøre for mange kompromisser på veien. At de klarer å holde tunga rett i munnen, at de klarer å ta imot innspill fra andre, men at de ikke mister seg selv.  Jeg er yrkesskada, jeg synes ofte «profesjonelle» utgitte tekster er for ferdige, for strukturerte, for lite direkte. – Hvordan var det med din egen selvtillit da du var ung? – Den vekslet mellom hybris og avmakt. Jeg hadde et behov for å bli sett og hørt. Og det ble jeg. Jeg fikk gjort masse, men ble vel møtt med like mye hoderyst som klapp. Men jeg var trassig. – Hvor mange album har du gitt ut? – Oi, det har jeg ikke helt oversikt over. Som bandmedlem har jeg vært med på rundt sju full-lengde album, men enda flere singler, og samlealbum, som soloartist har jeg gitt ut tre full-lengde. – Hva henspeiler albumtittelen «Ny tromme» på? – Det var Kenneth Ishak som sa det i studio. «Jeg har lagt en ny tromme på denne låta». Det var åpenbart at det måtte være tittelen. Det virket håpefullt. Hele verden trenger vel en ny tromme nå. Dagen etter plateslippet hadde Torgersen og Ishak konsert i Ila kirke i Oslo,   hvor de samarbeidet med teaterregissør Jon Tombre. Deretter var de på Grorud litteraturfestival 13.–17. oktober  Konserten som skulle vært på Blå nede ved Akerselva før jul er utsatt på ubestemt tid på grunn av koronanedstengingen av Oslo. Den blir en gang i 2021. I mellomtiden kan dere lytte til noen  musikalske smakebiter fra duoen som kaller seg for Universet. Musikalske sceanser Torgersen leker stadig i dette skjæringspunktet mellom musikk og tekst. Det er fint å sitte å skrive alene. Men jeg har ikke noen tro på at det er det eneste saliggjørende, tvert imot.  – Hva er det som drar deg inn hit i dette rommet – gang etter gang? – Å jobbe med andre er en ting. Det er fint å sitte å skrive alene. Men jeg har ikke noen tro på at det er det eneste saliggjørende, tvert imot. Å jobbe med en annen, eller flere, kan løfte teksten, gjøre den bedre. Det andre er at teksten får et helt annet liv når den møter musikk, og også live når den kommer ut i et fysisk rom. Og det er spennende at utrykket aldri blir likt fra framføring til framføring. De siste åra har akkurat det vært noe av det som har opptatt meg mest. Framføring i fysiske rom, i møte med publikum. Igjen har det religiøse vært viktig. Jeg har vært på flere reiser Sørøst-Asia og vært med på forskjellige religiøse ritualer, hvor musikken og frambringingen av tekster står helt sentralt. Det har mildt sagt vært mind blowing, seansene kan ofte vare i time etter time. Folk går dit for å hengi seg helt. Både de som spiller, og de som er publikum, og ofte viskes grensene mellom de to størrelsene ut. Det er dit jeg vil. Jeg vil tillate meg å være andre, utslette meg selv, iscenesette det. – Hva sier studentene om din side som utøvende kunstner? Kommer de på konserter og slikt?  – Jeg forsøker å leke litt med det også. Kan ikke helt se hvorfor jeg ikke skal se på det som å undervise som også å være en del av det kunstneriske virket. Studentene og jeg jobber jo sammen i en kreativ prosess. Jeg deler av min erfaring, og de deler av sin, til hverandre og til meg. Jeg jobber hardt for å gjøre det som skjer på skolen til å bli en reell skapende arbeidssituasjon. Det blir for kjedelig, både for dem og for meg, hvis jeg hele tiden trygt inntar rollen som lærer, og de som studenter. Jeg synes både de og jeg bør spørsmålstille rollene våre, og det vi gjør sammen. Det kan være veldig effektivt å sette ting på spissen, isenesette. Det er jo først når undervisningen er reelt dynamisk og levende at det begynner å bli utfordrende og produktivt.  Det blir for kjedelig, både for dem og for meg, hvis jeg hele tiden trygt inntar rollen som lærer, og de som studenter. I 2005 debuterte Torgersen som romanforfatter og har gitt ut åtte bøker. Han står også bak sju diktsamlinger og har etablert seg som en markant og kritikerrost forfatter. Ettertraktet oppleser og festivalopptreder. Vinteren 2019 slapp han sin åttende roman. «Lengter knuser slår» fikk strålende kritikker. Her kan du lese saken vi skrev om ham i den anledning. – Hva er det som fascinerer deg med ord? – At det kan fange så mye og være så presist, og likevel være så forvirrende og upresist. Å jobbe med dette tosidige aspektet av språket er noe av det som opptar meg.  Tiltrekkes av magien – Har ordet makt eller magi for deg? – Begge deler. Men jeg tiltrekkes mer og mer av det siste, det fantastiske språket kan åpne for. At det kan være det motsatte av et instrumentelt verktøy, som benyttes for å komme fram til et på forhånd utvalgt, entydig mål. Og det er når språket er det motsatte av instrumentelt, at det i hvert fall for meg, underminerer makt, på et helt grunnleggende nivå. Det er mye som virker uoversiktlig nå. Umulig å si noe sikkert om hvordan verden vil være om fem år. I en tekstene på det nye albumet skriver Torgersen: «Jeg er redd for det bestemte, det absolutte. Jeg vil være åpen. Jeg dør når jeg lukker meg». – Jeg er spent på tida framover. På skolens rolle i åra som kommer, på hvilke studenter som vil komme til oss. Hva de vil si til verden. Og på hva jeg selv kan få til med dem, og av egne prosjekter. Det er mye som virker uoversiktlig nå. Umulig å si noe sikkert om hvordan verden vil være om fem år, avslutter Torgersen.  Men det som er sikkert er at vi lever i et uendelig univers.

  
• How can we understand the rise and fall of Kanye West?

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2026 / 3 / how-can-we-understand-the-rise-and-fall-of-kanye-west

  SCIENCE NEWS FROM KRISTIANIA: Communication Our research   set out to examine this specific shift: the point at which repeated controversy becomes the dominant filter shaping all future coverage of an individual or a group.  Kanye West’s 15-year trajectory across fashion and entertainment offered an ideal case.  His career features global influence, blockbuster collaborations, and escalating crises that gradually reshaped not only his public image but also how journalists, partners, and stakeholders interpreted every subsequent story. We define this cumulative reputational drag as   crisis history toxicity . Crisis history is toxic Working in two of the world’s most highly visible and crisis-prone industries, West illustrates both the upside and the vulnerability of celebrity-driven branding.  To assess how crisis history accumulates, we analysed 40 major (see figure below) events and 938 media articles, coding for tone, crisis type, journalistic style, and whether coverage reflected value co-creation or co-destruction. Our results show a clear pattern: a crisis history is toxic – the media tone becomes steadily more negative over time – even during positive brand moments. In short, when crisis history builds, the past reshapes the framing of the present. This effect is amplified by the fact that nearly all coverage is opinion-driven, not purely factual. Most damaging when actions affected others We also see a decisive shift in how crises are framed. Early incidents were treated as reputational issues; over time they increasingly became transgressions, signaling reduced media tolerance and greater blame attribution.  The tipping point arrives in 2022, when incidents involving racist and antisemitic content triggered rapid termination of major partnerships. After this moment, co-destruction dominates the narrative. Importantly, crisis toxicity spreads. While partner brands were generally covered more positively than West himself, tone toward them still correlated strongly with tone toward him – demonstrating real spillover risk for alliances in highly mediated sectors. Finally, not all crises carry equal weight. West’s personal challenges had limited long-term impact. The most damaging events were those in which his actions affected others – whether consumers, communities, or corporate partners. Industry takeaways Crisis patterns, not isolated events, determine long-term reputational risk. Transgressions – especially those harming others – drive the steepest declines. Brand partners absorb collateral damage when linked to crisis-prone figures. Even positive initiatives are reframed negatively once toxicity sets in. While crisis history toxicity can ease over time, recovery is slow and contingent on the absence of further incidents. For brands operating in popular-culture and high media coverage driven markets, vigilance around partner behaviour and long-term crisis patterns is essential. Text: Audra Diers-Lawson , professor, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences, and Sophie L. Johnson, researcher, Nottingham Trent University. This text was first published on ScienceNorway.no on the 26th of February 2026 with the title " How can we understand the rise and fall of Kanye West? ". We love hearing from you! Send your comments and questions regarding this article by e-mail to   kunnskap@kristiania.no .

  
• Artificial intelligence ensures a more defensive cyber security on the Internet of Things

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2022 / 08 / artificial-intelligence-ensures-a-more-defensive-cyber-security-on-the-internet-of-things

  KNOWLEDGE @ KRISTIANIA: Cyber security Nowadays, the standard of the organizations and countries are measured by how secure they are in terms of power and services. From agriculture to aviation, and manufacturing to finance, security is considered as a key for benchmarking the product and services. The term Internet of Things , or IoT, refers to the collective network of connected hardware devices, software and communication technology. As an example, the IoT can be used to create a smart home with WiFi enabled appliances all connect to the internet and share the data that can be control remotely from your cell phone. However, the incremental record of cyberattacks threatens . Attackers hack others’ infrastructure often to warn people or earn money, or sometimes just for hobbies of breaking the embedded systems. Cyber security through artificial intelligence For establishing security and safety, in addition to the normal precautions such as a firewall and antivirus software, artificial intelligence (AI) can be a very useful tool to learn the behaviors of these cyber-attacks and responds to them with appropriate actions. By 2025, cybercrime is expected to cost the global economy $10.5 trillion a year which is more than $3.3 million per second. Smart environments with AI are more secure from planning to development and deployment of software sufficiently reflecting the diverse cyberattack scenarios. We at Kristiania University College, work through the ENViSEC project to build AI-enabled method for cybersecurity towards secure smart environments. Immense costs for the global economy Cyberattacks refer to any form of malicious activities that target IT systems to gain unauthorized access to the information. By 2025, cybercrime is expected to cost the global economy $10.5 trillion a year which is more than $3.3 million per second. Recently in July 2021, even for a single cyberattack, Saudi Aramco faced $50 million ransom in cyber extortion over leaked data . Moreover, the AI market in cybersecurity is expected to significantly grow at a compound annual growth rate of 24.2 per cent from 2020 to 2029 to reach $66.22 billion by 2027. Therefore, the AI can be inspected as a next generation tool to mitigate cybersecurity attacks and reinforce the best practices for improved and secure IT systems. AI enables effective cyber security Cybersecurity crossponds with the set of IT setup and processes configured to protect digital devices, computers, programs and data from attack, unauthorized access, change, or destruction . Inspired by the human brain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) enables the machine to think, learn, act, and react in a similar fashion we human beings do. AI can automate many security tasks of IT systems that a human often does manually. AI-enabled security of technological environment involves multiple levels of intelligent strategies at various stages of the embedded software development process from planning to deployment. Every device connected to the network through any medium should be secured before and while connecting to the network. For that, a significant number of AI-enabled security applications such as automated malware attacks detection, data loss prevention, intrusion detection/prevention, threat intelligence, fraud detection, anomaly detection, source code vulnerability prediction, automatic program repair, patch prediction enables effective cybersecurity. Ensures a more defensive system Every device connected to the network through any medium should therefore be secured configuring with security in mind before and while connecting to the network. Each IoT device can individually perform different behavior in the network and the way handling its anomalous behavior needs specific strategy. For that, a device-oriented lightweight AI model to predict the malfunction of the device, ensures a more defensive system. Figure 1 shows the AI-enabled framework for cybersecurity in smart environments with cloud computing support. Figure 1: ML framework for cybersecurity in smart environments with cloud computing support. Benefits of embedded - AI Some of the notable advantages of embedded AI software models to smart environments are; Security and privacy : The inference processing of the data and construction AI models in cloud computing needs to transfer the data and the predictive model in the cloud. Hence, that can encounter the security and privacy issues being the data available in the cloud. Data and the model relying on systems on chips (SoCs) ensures that security and privacy of the local data and AI software. Reduced dependence on the cloud : The inference processing of the data and AI models are heavily dependent on cloud or high-performance computing. If IoT devices and chips can construct the AI models, then the dependence on cloud can be significantly reduced by low power devices and chips . Improved products and services: Embedding the AI models on SoCs and IoTs optimizes the chip’s architecture thereby reducing instruction counts, energy consumption, and computation time. The embed-AI models can result in improved the overall products and services, increased operational efficiency, and enhanced security and risk management with predictive maintenance for equipment. Challenges on developing AI software models for embedded devices On-device-AI ensures security and privacy concerns on sensitive data that remains unexposed to the public internet. It also reduces the dependency on cloud computing for inference processing. However, enabling AI models on these tiny embedded devices does not remain without challenges. Some of the major challenges are as follows: Resource-constraints environments: The tiny IoT devices often consist of limited processing power, memory, and energy capacity. Due to its resource limitations, middleware developers must either compromise with CIA (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) or put complex low prioritized computations to off-chip and keep only necessary ones on-chip. Data variances: AI-enabled model for cyberattacks prediction needs significant data gathered from diverged scenarios of the environments to train the machine learning model. So that the trained model in the future can be utilized to detect malware attacks occurred in the systems. However, the major problem in the field of AI-enabled cyberattacks prediction is lacking ground truth data of attacks sample. To deal with the shortcomings, a considerable number of researchers and practitioners have manually curated the data in their specific environment artificially injecting the attacks to represent the malware attacks patterns and behaviors. Data imbalance : The existing available data may also suffer from the data imbalance problem not having the proportion of the data that distinguish one attack from other attack group which introduces problem with generalization. Off course originally diversed and generalized data or by tuning it, promotes more robust and reliable AI model with more accurate and precise data. Inference Processing : The training process of the AI models may require intensive resources which may need powerful computers than these IoT devices. However, once the model is constructed, deploying it onto a device to process the incoming data in terms of signals, images, audio and video to look for and recognize it based on the trained model can be done. References: CNBC (2021). https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/saudi-aramco-facing-50m-cyber-extortion-over-leaked-data.html. Buczak, A. L., & Guven, E. (2015). A survey of data mining and machine learning methods for cyber security intrusion detection. IEEE Communications surveys & tutorials, 18(2), 1153-1176. Shalaginov, A., & Grønli, T. M. (2021). Securing Smart Future: Cyber Threats and Intelligent Means to Respond. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (pp. 2560-2564). IEEE. Meticulous Research (2020). https://www.meticulousresearch.com/product/artificial-intelligence-in-cybersecurity-market-5101. Peterson, Z. (2020). The Future of Embedded AI and Custom SoCs, https://www.nwengineeringllc.com/article/the-future-of-embedded-ai-and-custom-socs.php. ENViSEC, (2021). ENViSEC: Artificial Intelligence-enabled Cybersecurity for Future Smart Environments. https://smartseclab.com/envisec/. Ahmed, E., Yaqoob, I., Gani, A., Imran, M. and Guizani, M., (2016). Internet-of-things-based smart environments: state of the art, taxonomy, and open research challenges. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(5), pp.10-16. The ENViSEC project towards cybersecurity The ENVISEC project is for establishing AI-enabled cybersecurity to make secure and reliable smart systems. We focus on building malware and attacks detection models to different layers of the multi-agent systems. Our new method contributes to the prediction of security issues in the initial stages of the system lifecycle that contributes towards a resource-efficient environment. Text: Guru Prasad Bhandari, Software Engineer at the School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College We love hearing from you:  Send your comments and questions regarding this article by E-mail to  kunnskap@kristiania.no .    

  
• What the FK-festival

  aktuelt / 2019 / 05 / god-stemning-pa-enstemmig-what-the-fk-festival

  På årets What the FK-festival fikk vi prøve fem spill og se fem tilhørende motion comics pluss fem bakomfilmer til hvert prosjekt. Prosjektet var et samarbeid mellom studentene på  Film , Spillgrafikk og animasjon , Spillutvikling , Illustrasjon og Musikk- og lyddesign . Årets tema var "The Lesser of Two Evils" og prosjektgruppene utviklet fem konsepter som ble hetende "Vingeløs", "Space Cowboys", "Stormen", "The Trolley Problem" og "This or That". Bransjetung jury Juryen besto av Elisabeth Monge fra NRK for lyd, Christian Lassem fra Fifth Season for spill og Jeppe Grüner fra Racecar for animasjon. I tillegg kunne publikum stemme på sitt favorittspill og velge sin favoritt blant motion comics'ene. Juryen var svært imponerte over det de fikk se. – Vi har sett ekstremt mye potensiale i dag. Det er mange som sitter i denne salen som kommer til å nå langt! sa Christian Lassem fra scenen. Juryen tester spillet The Trolley Problem. Prosjektledelse holdt i tøylene Studentene på Prosjektledelse sto bak hele arrangementet og imponerte med et flott gjennomført arrangement. Ingen film uten lyd Lyden til spillene og motion comics'ene var også et viktig element. Dette var det studentene på Musikk- og lyddesign som sto bak. I bakomfilmene fikk vi se hvordan studentene jobber med lyddesign i lydstudioet. Juryen testet alle spillene og gruppene fikk forklare prosessen bak spillet. Fredrik Haugen  fra spillutvikling var en av de som fikk snakke med juryen om hva gruppa hans har tenkt når de lagde spillet Game Show aka. This and That. Fredrik Haugen fra spillutvikling forklarer juryen om spillet han har vært med å lage. Enstemmig jury og publikum Når prisene skulle deles ut viste det seg at juryen og publikum var helt enig. I kategorien spill var det Space Cowboy som vant. Og The Trolley Problem vant for beste motion comic. The Trolley Problem vant prisen for beste motion comic – både juryprisen og publikumsprisen! Filmstudentene som lagde bakomfilmen tar også litt av æren.

  
• Living the brand

  studieportal / fakultet-for-ledelse-og-okonomi / bachelorniva / ltb2100 / living-the-brand
• The Rise of the Counterfeit Industry

  kunnskap-kristiania / 2020 / 09 / the-rise-of-the-counterfeit-industry

  KNOWLEDGE & KRISTIANIA: The Counterfeit Industry There is a “Perfect Storm” between two global destructive forces right now   – the counterfeit industry and the Covid-19 pandemic. Both are highly undetectable, the fake products hidden in the grey and black markets, and the invisible virus. Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, the Chinese companies sold thousands of fake testing kits and medical masks authorities in Spain, Turkey and the Netherlands. Investigations by Interpol revealed that 2,000 online “pharmacies” sold fake equipment and medicine directed towards the victims of Covid-19. Read also:   Korona-profitørene   (in Norwegian) Invisible enemies The counterfeit medicine industry did not start now. The production of fake medicine is a major growing global industry. And just like Covid-19, – it is an invisible enemy difficult and costly to detect. It is hidden behind global and complex supply chains. The criminal entrepreneurs producing fake products are not the beach shops on a tourist destination that we perhaps think of. This is an industry that have top know-how of designing and production of counterfeiting products through reverse engineering, 3D-printing, logistics systems that can reach every state in the US and sometimes bitcoin payment technology. The Independent revealed March 25th, 2020 that the same producers of fake products with Ralph Lauren or Gucci labels are now producing masks labeled 3M with CE certification. During the pandemic, this is a dance between the devilish Covid-19 and the darkest online pharmacies, – and they meet only three clicks from your computer right now. Read also:   Når kommunikasjon kan redde liv   (in Norwegian) Haven of fake medicine The pandemic burns like a wildfire away from the well-organized western health systems into densely populated countries in the third world. Here, the global counterfeits medicine industry thrives and grow underneath fragile and corrupt governments, dysfunctional health systems and ineffective control. According to a report from the World Health Organization in 2017, fake malaria medication causes between 72,000-267,000 fatalities each year in Sub-Sahara. Center for Decease Control (CDC) have for a long time warned against fake malaria medicine. But the criminal entrepreneurs know exactly where the haven of fake medicine are, – it is in the third world. Read also:   Hvordan kan vi unngå å kjøpe falskt medisinsk utstyr?   (in Norwegian) The Perfect Storm Under the protective umbrella of an ill organized and dysfunctional health system, the peoples only hope against Covid-19 is Malaria medicine. The   Hydroxychloroquine   has a long history of counterfeits in the third world already. People that want to be prepared for the Covid-19 epidemic therefore turns to the grey medicine markets for help. But they are already caught in the perfect storm between the criminal supply chains and the pandemic. Many will probably buy a fake “lemon” product that in best case have no active ingredients and therefore does nothing harm. Worst case though, fake medicine may include rat poison or lead. An article by Camille Malplat, April 1, 2020 first in The Jakarta Post, indicates that the perfect storm is about to arrive in the third world: “The chloroquine craze is not just affecting the black market for drugs — it is also spurring the production of counterfeit medications. Cameroon’s government has already issued a warning about fake chloroquine, samples of which have surfaced in health centers.” Counterfeit medicine is big business Ordinary people going for a beach vacation probably meet the counterfeits Armani T-Shirts along the boardwalk shops. It looks like a trivial problem. But Brechtelsbauer and his colleagues found in a published paper in 2016 that between 35,000-50,000 online pharmacies, and 96 percent of these companies did not comply with patient protection regulations. These are the primary outlets for counterfeit medicine. A government report from the US Government Accountability Office (2018) found that 40 percent of products sold from well-known webpages were fake. Another recent report from Stroppa, Gatto, Pasha, and Parrella, (2019) found that more than 50,000 Instagram accounts promoted counterfeits, – a 171 percent increase since 2016. This is big business. An investigation from Frontier Economics (2017) estimated the industry to a 1 trillion $ business. This is a dynamic and flexible industry quick to respond to new upcoming demand in the market. For them, it is a perfect time for Covid-19. Dancing with the devil The legendary politician and corporate icon Bob McNamara called it “Fog of War” when leaders had to make decisions under extreme uncertainty. Covid-19 has the war-like similarities. Governments are forced to take quick decisions where the lack of valid information is extreme, and the consequences might be fatal. The pandemic reflects how vulnerable governments are when global supply chains dominate strategic resources for medicine and equipment. This epidemic shows that they have been left with worst case alternatives; to dance with the devil in the international grey markets. When the supply chains are complex, and it is a long geographical and political distance – the fog of war worsen the quality of health decisions. Distance leads to less information and an even more lethal interaction effect between Covid-19 and fake health products. Ill-prepared governments Most governments are ill-prepared for this storm. In spite of the fact that scientists for a long time have warned us. Is this a Pearl Harbor or 9.11 situation where politics are taken by surprise? No, it is not! It is the same criminal industry and the same mechanisms of unaware customers that have driven the other epidemic for years, – the Opioid-crises that killed 67,000 people in the US in 2018. Fake medicine containing the lethal ingredient Fentanyl flows into the grey markets world-wide. It is a global epidemic driven by the fake medicine industry. Covid-19 victims are just new profitable segments for the same industry. They scale up their global supply chains to cover the world demand for fake Hydroxychloroquine, protection gear, 3M masks and test kits. They are the global experts of counterfeiting production, stealing property rights and organize their global supply chains to meet uninformed customers. Deadly interaction Luck should not define consequences of the deadly interaction between pandemics and markets for fake products. Or as the polar explorer Roald Amundsen put it; “ victory awaits him who has everything in order, luck, people call it. Defeat is certain for him who has neglected to take the necessary precautions in time, this is called bad luck .” To base global health precautions on luck, like we now do, – should be contrary to health politics. We will keep losing against the intertwined vicious forces of the Covid-19 pandemic and the fake medicine. The parasite business of fake medicine should have been taken more seriously a long time ago. Because in a war like this, – victory awaits only those who has “everything in order.” What we can hope for So, precautions are precious gifts during crises. One of them are technology that can track down origin, share real-time information with customers, and control real quality. The food chains are already well prepared. Walmart together with IBM have applied blockchain technology that reduced the time to trace an item from the store to the farm from seven days to just 2.2 seconds. Similar technologies are weapons to trace down and catch copies, counterfeits and fake medicine and equipment. Preparedness through tracking technology should probably add to the crises supply resources. Especially during crises, – it is most important to track down the origin of medicine and health products like protection gear. During the Covid-19 crises this is a global problem. We need a system that can save time, – and time is a very scarce resource during a pandemic. References: Daragahi, B.,   Total disregard for people’s lives’: Hundreds of thousands of fake masks flooding markets as coronavirus depletes world supplies , in   The Independent . 2020: UK. World Health Organization:   Achieving and maintaining universal coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets for malaria control . 2017. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, C.   Counterfeit and Substandard Antima-larial Drugs . 2020  [cited 2020 April 11]; Available from: h ttps://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/counterfeit.html. Malplat, C.,   Africans rush for chloroquine as virus tsunami looms| , in   The Jakarta Post . 2020. Brechtelsbauer, E.D., et al.,   Review of the 2015 Drug Supply Chain Security Act.   Hospital pharmacy, 2016.   51 (6): p. 493-500. Office, U.S.G.A.,   Report to the Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, Intellectual Property. Agencies Can Improve Ef-forts to Address Risks Posed by Changing Counterfeits Market . 2018. Stroppa, A., Gatto D., Pasha L., B. Parrella,   Instagram and counterfeiting in 2019: new features, old problems , in   Ghost Data . 2019: Rome, New York. Economics, F.,   The economic impacts of counterfeiting and piracy , R.p.f.B.a. INTA, Editor. 2017. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, C.   Opioid Overdose . 2018  [cited 2020 April 11]; Available from:   https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/ . This article is written for Kunnskapsmagasinet Kristiania (Kristiania Knowledge Magazine) and first published on 10 September 2020. Text:   Professor Arne Nygaard, Department of Marketing at Kristiania University College and Professor Ragnhild Silkoset, Department of Marketing at BI Norwegian Business School. Photo:   The counterfeit industry is big business. Illustration photo of girl with a mask. Photo by engin akyurt on Unsplash.

  
• Call for Contributions AR@K24: The Artist, The Ghost, and The Machine

  om-kristiania / kalender / call-for-contributions-ark24-the-artist-the-ghost-and-the-machine

  The next AR@K symposium at Kristiania University College in Oslo will take place on 18 & 19 March 2024 and we are currently looking for contributions from across the fields of artistic research.