Robert James Froud

Scientific Publications

• Abel, Gary, Froud, Robert, Pitchforth, Emma, Treadgold, Bethan, Hocking, Lucy, Sussex, Jon, Elliot, Mark & Campbell, John (2024). Informing the development of a scoring system for National Health Service Clinical Impact Awards; a Delphi process and simulated scoring exercise. JRSM open. ISSN 2054-2704. 15(1) doi:
  10.1177/20542704231217887
• Treadgold, Bethan, Campbell, John L., Abel, Gary, Sussex, Jon, Froud, Robert, Hocking, Lucy & Pitchforth, Emma (2023). Investigating Clinical Excellence and Impact Awards (INCEA): a qualitative study into how current assessors and other key stakeholders define and score excellence. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. doi:
  10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068602
• Haywood, Kirstie L., Potter, Rachel, Froud, Robert, Pearce, Gemma, Box, Barbara, Muldoon, L, Lipton, Richard B., Petrou, Stavros, Rendas-Baum, R, Logan, Anne-Marie, Stewart, Kimberley, Underwood, Martin & Matharu, Manjit (2021). A Core Outcome Set for Preventive Intervention Trials in Chronic and Episodic Migraine (COSMIG): An international, consensus-derived and multi-stakeholder initiative. . BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(11) doi:
  10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043242
• Froud, Robert, Hakestad-Hansen, Solveig, Ruud, Hans-Kristian, Foss, Jonathan, Ferguson, Leila Eve & Fredriksen, Per Morten (2021). Relative Performance of Machine Learning and Linear Regression in Predicting Quality of Life and Academic Performance of School Children in Norway: Data Analysis of a Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. ISSN 1438-8871. 23(7) doi:
  10.2196/22021
• Probyn, Katrin, Engedahl, Martin Stav, Rajendran, Dévan, Pincus, Tamar, Khadija, Naeem, Mistry, Dipesh, Underwood, Martin & Froud, Robert (2021). The effects of supported employment interventions in populations of people with conditions other than severe mental health: A systematic review. Primary Health Care Research and Development. ISSN 1463-4236. 22(e79) p 1-12. doi:
  10.1017/S1463423621000827
• Froud, Robert, Amundsen, Pål Andre Thorsø, Bartys, Serena, Battie, Michele, Burton, Kim, Foster, Nadine E., Johnsen, Tone Langjordet, Pincus, Tamar, Reneman, Michiel, Smeets, Rob J.E.M., Sveinsdottir, Vigdis, Wynne-Jones, Gwenllian & Underwood, Martin (2020). Opportunities and challenges around adapting supported employment interventions for people with chronic low back pain: modified nominal group technique . Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288. 43(19) p 2750-2757. doi:
  10.1080/09638288.2020.1716863
• Froud, Robert, Grant, Mary, Burton, Kim, Foss, Jonathan, Ellard, David, Seers, Kate, Smith, Debbie, Barillec, Marianna, Patel, Shilpa, Haywood, Kirstie L. & Underwood, Martin (2020). Development and feasibility of an intervention featuring individual supported work placements to aid return-to-work for unemployed people living with chronic pain. BMC Pilot and Feasibility Studies. ISSN 2055-5784. 6(49) doi:
  10.1186/s40814-020-00581-6
• Froud, Robert James, Meza, Trine Johansen, Ernes, Kjell Ove & Slowther, Anne Marie (2019). Research ethics oversight in Norway: structure, function, and challenges. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 19(24) p 1-6. doi:
  10.1186/s12913-018-3816-0
• Grant, Mary, O-Beirne-Elliman, Joanne, Froud, Robert James, Underwood, Martin & Seers, Kate (2019). The work of return to work. Challenges of returning to work when you have chronic pain: a meta-ethnography . BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 9(6) doi:
  10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025743
• Grant, Mary, Rees, Sophie, Underwood, Martin & Froud, Robert James (2019). Obstacles to returning to work with chronic pain: in-depth interviews with people who are off work due to chronic pain and employers. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 20(486) doi:
  10.1186/s12891-019-2877-5
• Amundsen, Pål Andre Thorsø, Evans, David W, Rajendran, Dévan, Philip, Bright, Bjørkli, Tom Eirik, Sandra, Eldrigde, Rachelle, Buchbinder, Martin, Underwood & Froud, Robert James (2018). Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in non-specific low back pain trials: a review of randomised controlled trials published between 2006 and 2012. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 19(113) doi:
  10.1186/s12891-018-2034-6
• Somner, JEA, Ismail, R, Froud, Robert James, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto & King, Alan J (2018). Consensus generation of a minimum set of outcome measures for auditing glaucoma surgery outcomes—a Delphi exercise. Graefe's Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. ISSN 0721-832X. 256(12) p 2407-2411. doi:
  10.1007/s00417-018-4140-4
• Froud, Robert James, Fawkes, Carol, Foss, Jonathan, Underwood, Martin & Carnes, Dawn (2018). Responsiveness, Reliability, and Minimally Important and Minimal Detectable Changes of 3 Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Low Back Pain: Validation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. ISSN 1438-8871. 20(10) doi:
  10.2196/jmir.9828
• Froud, Robert James, Patel, Shilpa, Rajendran, Deavan, Bright, Philip, Bjørkli, Tom Eirik, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Eldridge, Sandra & Underwood, Martin (2016). A systematic review of outcome measures use, analytical approaches, reporting methods, and publication volume by year in low back pain trials published between 1980 and 2012: Respice, adspice, et prospice. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(10) doi:
  10.1371/journal.pone.0164573
• Froud, Robert James, Rajendran, Dévan, Patel, Shilpa, Bright, Philip, Bjørkli, Tom Eirik, Eldridge, Sandra, Buchbinder, Rachelle & Underwood, Martin (2016). The power of low back pain trials: a systematic review of power, sample size, and reporting of sample size calculations over time, in trials published between 1980 and 2012. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. 42(11) p E680-E686. doi:
  10.1097/BRS.0000000000001953
• Fawkes, Carol, Carnes, Dawn & Froud, Robert James (2016). Collecting patient reported outcome data in clinical practice. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. ISSN 1876-3820. 40(8) p 591. doi:
  10.1016/j.eujim.2016.07.014
• Fawkes, Carol (2016). The development, evaluation, and initial implementation of a national programme for the use and collation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in osteopathic back pain services in the UK. School of Advanced Study, University of London.
• Froud, Robert James, Ellard, David, Patel, Shilpa, Eldridge, Sandra & Underwood, Martin (2015). Primary outcome measure use in back pain trials may need radical reassessment . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 16(88) doi:
  10.1186/s12891-015-0534-1
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). Preferred reporting items for studies mapping onto preference-based outcome measures: the MAPS statement. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 25 doi:
  10.1007/s11136-015-1082-8
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Gray, Alastair & Froud, Robert James (2015). Preferred Reporting Items for Studies Mapping onto Preference-Based Outcome Measures: The MAPS Statement. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. ISSN 1175-5652. 13(5) p 437-443. doi:
  10.1007/s40258-015-0191-4
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). The MAPS Reporting Statement for Studies Mapping onto Generic Preference-Based Outcome Measures: Explanation and Elaboration. PharmacoEconomics (Auckland). ISSN 1170-7690. 33(10) p 993-1011. doi:
  10.1007/s40273-015-0312-9
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). Preferred Reporting Items for Studies Mapping onto Preference-Based Outcome Measures: The MAPS Statement . PharmacoEconomics (Auckland). ISSN 1170-7690. 33(10) p 985-991. doi:
  10.1007/s40273-015-0319-2
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR STUDIES MAPPING ONTO PREFERENCE-BASED OUTCOME MEASURES: THE MAPS STATEMENT. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. ISSN 0266-4623. 31(4) p 230-235. doi:
  10.1017/S0266462315000379
• Rajendran, Dévan, Bright, Philip, Mullinger, Brenda & Froud, Robert James (2015). Reporting patterns and predictors of common minor adverse events following osteopathic treatment: Lessons learned from a prospective, patient-administered questionnaire feasibility study in a UK teaching clinic. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. ISSN 1876-3820. 7(6) p 634-644. doi:
  10.1016/j.eujim.2015.09.005
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). Preferred Reporting Items for Studies Mapping onto Preference-Based Outcome Measures: The MAPS Statement. Medical decision making. ISSN 0272-989X. 36(6) doi:
  10.1177/0272989X15598332
• Petrou, Stavros, Rivero-Arias, Oliver, Dakin, Helen, Longworth, Louise, Oppe, Mark, Froud, Robert James & Gray, Alastair (2015). Preferred reporting items for studies mapping onto preference-based outcome measures: The MAPS statement. Journal of Medical Economics. ISSN 1941-837X. 18(11) p 851-857. doi:
  10.3111/13696998.2015.1070554
• Froud, Robert James, Bjørkli, Tom, Bright, Philip, Rajendran, Dévan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Underwood, Martin, Evans, David & Eldridge, Sandra (2015). The effect of journal impact factor, reporting conflicts, and reporting funding sources, on standardized effect sizes in back pain trials: a systematic review and meta-regression. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 16(370) doi:
  10.1186/s12891-015-0825-6
• Froud, Robert, Patterson, Sue, Eldridge, Sandra, Seale, Clive, Pincus, Tamar, Rajendran, Dévan, Fossum, Christian & Underwood, Martin (2014). A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people's lives. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. ISSN 1471-2474. 15:50 doi:
  10.1186/1471-2474-15-50
• Henschke, Nicholas, Van Enst, Annefloor, Froud, Robert & Ostelo, Raymond W.G. (2014). Responder analyses in randomised controlled trials for chronic low back pain: An overview of currently used methods. European spine journal. ISSN 0940-6719. 23(4) p 772-778. doi:
  10.1007/s00586-013-3155-0
• Froud, Robert James & Abel, Gary (2014). Using ROC Curves to Choose Minimally Important Change Thresholds when Sensitivity and Specificity Are Valued Equally: The Forgotten Lesson of Pythagoras. Theoretical Considerations and an Example Application of Change in Health Status. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 9(12) doi:
  10.1371/ journal.pone.0114468
• Hooper, Richard, Froud, Robert James, Bremner, Stephen & Eldridge, Sandra (2013). Cascade diagrams for depicting complex interventions in randomised trials. The BMJ. ISSN 1756-1833. (347) doi:
  10.1136/bmj.f6681.
• Diaz-Ordaz, Karla, Froud, Robert James, Sheehan, Bart & Eldridge, Sandra (2013). A systematic review of cluster randomised trials in residential facilities for older people suggests how to improve quality. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. (13) doi:
  10.1186/1471-2288-13-127.
• Patel, Shilpa, Friede, Tim, Froud, Robert James, Evans, David & Underwood, Martin (2013). Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Clinical Prediction Rules for Physical Therapy in Low Back Pain. Spine. ISSN 0362-2436. 38(9) p 762-769. doi:
  10.1097/BRS.0b013e31827b158f
• Froud, Robert James, Underwood, Martin, Carnes, Dawn & Eldridge, Sandra (2012). Clinicians' perceptions of reporting methods for back pain trials: a qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice. ISSN 0960-1643. 62(596) p e151-e159. doi:
  10.3399/bjgp12X630034
• Froud, Robert James, Eldridge, Sandra, Diaz-Ordaz, Karla, Marinho, Valeria & Donner, Allan (2012). Quality of cluster randomized controlled trials in oral health: a systematic review of reports published between 2005 and 2009. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. ISSN 0301-5661. 40 p 3-14. doi:
  10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00660.x
• Pincus, Tamar, Miles, Claire, Froud, Robert James, Underwood, Martin, Carnes, Dawn & Taylor, Stephanie J.C. (2011). Methodological criteria for the assessment of moderators in systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials: a consensus study. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. 11(14) doi:
  10.1186/1471-2288-11-14
• Froud, Robert, Eldridge, Sandra, Kovacs, Francisco, Breen, Alan, Bolton, Jenni, Dunn, Kate, Fritz, Julie, Keller, Anne, Kent, Peter, Lauridsen, Henrik Hein, Ostelo, Raymond, Pincus, Tamar, van Tulder, Maurits, Vogel, Steven & Underwood, Martin (2011). Reporting outcomes of back pain trials: A modified Delphi study. European Journal of Pain. ISSN 1090-3801. 15(10) p 1068-1074. doi:
  10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.04.015
• Carnes, Dawn, Mars, Tom, Mullinger, Brenda, Froud, Robert James & Underwood, Martin (2010). Adverse events and manual therapy: a systematic review. Manual Therapy. ISSN 1356-689X. 15(4) p 355-363. doi:
  10.1016/j.math.2009.12.006
• Froud, Robert James, Eldridge, Sandra, Lall, Ranjit & Underwood, Martin (2009). Estimating the number needed to treat from continuous outcomes in randomised controlled trials: methodological challenges and worked example using data from the UK Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation (BEAM) trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. (9) p 35. doi:
  10.1186/1471-2288-9-35.
• Rajendran, Dévan, Fossum, Christian, Collins, Peter, Mullinger, Brenda & Froud, Robert James (2009). Monitoring self-reported adverse events: A prospective, pilot study in a UK osteopathic teaching clinic. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. ISSN 1746-0689. 12(2) p 49-55.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). Improving interpretation of patient-reported outcomes in low back pain trials. School of Advanced Study, University of London.

Dissemination

• Amundsen, Pål Andrè Thorsø, Underwood, Martin, Burton, Kim, Grotle, Margreth, Malmberg-Heimonen, Ira, Kisa, Adnan, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmgard, Thor Einar, Martinsen, Amy, Lothe, Jakob, Irgens, Pernille Marie Stähr, Højen, Magnus, Spilde Monsen, Sølvi & Froud, Robert (2023). Individual supported work placements (ReISE) for improving sustained return to work in unemployed people with persistent pain: study protocol for a cohort randomised controlled trial with embedded economic and process evaluations. Trials. ISSN 1745-6215. doi:
  10.21203/rs.3.rs-2535288/v1
• Amundsen, Pål Andrè Thorsø, Underwood, Martin, Burton, Kim, Grotle, Margreth, Malmberg-Heimonen, Ira, Kisa, Adnan, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Holmgard, Thor Einar, Martinsen, Amy, Lothe, Jakob, Irgens, Pernille Marie Stähr, Højen, Magnus, Spilde Monsen, Sølvi & Froud, Robert (2023). Individual supported work placements (ReISE) for improving sustained return to work in unemployed people with persistent pain: study protocol for a cohort randomised controlled trial with embedded economic and process evaluations. Trials. ISSN 1745-6215. 24(1) doi:
  10.1186/s13063-023-07211-5
• Froud, Robert, Irgens, Pernille Marie Stähr, Højen, Magnus, Underwood, Martin, Burton, Kim, Grotle, Margreth, Malmberg-Heimonen, Ira, Kisa, Adnan, Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova, Martinsen, Amy, Lothe, Jakob, Amundsen, Pål Andrè Thorsø & Engedahl, Martin (2023). Individual supported work placements (ReISE) for improving sustained return to work in unemployed people with persistent pain: an internal pilot study.
• Underwood, Martin & Froud, Robert (2021). Individual Placement and Support for people unemployed with chronic pain.
• Froud, Robert (2021). Experiences and results from comparing machine learning and linear regression models in predicting quality-of-life in school children.
• Underwood, Martin, Engedahl, Martin, Probyn, Katrin, Pincus, Tamar, Rajendran, Dévan, Mistry, Dipesh & Froud, Robert (2021). Supported employment interventions to improve competitive employment; a systematic review of studies of people without severe mental illness.
• Engedahl, Martin, Probyn, Katrin, Rajendran, Dévan, Pincus, Tamar, Mistry, Dipesh, Underwood, Martin & Froud, Robert (2021). The effects of supported employment interventions in populations of people with conditions other than severe mental health: A systematic review.
• Froud, Robert (2020). Collecting user-generated language data for NLP models in mental health.
• Fawkes, Carol, Froud, Robert James & Carnes, Dawn (2018). A systematic review of the measurement properties of the Bournemouth questionnaire.
• Froud, Robert James (2018). An intervention for helping people with musculoskeletal pain to return to work.
• Amundsen, Pål Andre Thorsø & Froud, Robert (2018). Poster: "Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in non-specific low back pain trials: a review of randomised controlled trials published between 2006 and 2012.".
• Fawkes, C, Carnes, D & Froud, Robert James (2017). Introducing electronic PROM data collection into clinical practice – learning the lessons from a pilot study.
• Froud, Robert James & Burton, Kim (2017). Welcome, introduction and primer, and the RISE study. .
• Froud, Robert James (2017). A meta-synthesis and in-depth interviews exploring perceptions of return-to-work obstacles faced by people with chronic pain: patient and employer perspectives. .
• Froud, Robert James (2017). Workshop: Back pain and supported employment: identification of challenges and opportunities using nominal group technique.
• Fawkes, Carol, Froud, Robert James & Carnes, Dawn (2016). The development of a mobile phone and web app for collecting patient-reported outcomes after musculoskeletal treatment for low back pain. .
• Froud, Robert James (2016). "The epistemology of inexact sciences" .
• Froud, Robert James (2015). How we currently measure back pain.
• Fawkes, Carol, Froud, Robert James & Carnes, Dawn (2015). Patients And Clinicians Views About Using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) For Manual Therapy.
• Froud, Robert James (2014). Roland Morris change scores can be independent of changes in back pain.
• Froud, Robert James (2014). The effect of journal impact factor, reporting conflicts of interest, and reporting funding sources, on standardized effect size in back pain trials. .
• Froud, Robert James (2014). Validation and implementation of a resource questionnaire for use in low back-pain research. (Workshop).
• Froud, Robert James (2014). Keynote: Considering a career in research.
• Froud, Robert James (2014). Keynote: What does it feel like to have back pain?
• Froud, Robert James (2014). The social effects of back pain.
• Vogel, Steven, Froud, Robert James, Pincus, Tamar, Marlin, Nadine, Underwood, Martin, Eldridge, Sandra & Mars, Tom (2013). Adverse events and treatment responses in osteopathy. .
• Froud, Robert James (2013). Systematic review of populations, reporting, and outcomes, with bias estimation (PROBE) in back pain trials: 1980-2012. .
• Froud, Robert James (2012). Frequency and pattern of commonly occurring adverse events following osteopathic treatment in an osteopathic teaching clinic. .
• Froud, Robert James (2011). The back pain reporting outcomes consensus (BaROC).
• Froud, Robert James (2011). What Aspects Of Improvement In Low Back Pain Do Patients Consider Important? A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Literature.
• Froud, Robert James, Fossum, Christian, Patterson, Sue, Seale, Clive, Underwood, Martin, Pincus, Tamar & Eldridge, Sandra (2011). What aspects of improvement in low back pain do patients consider important? A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative literature.
• Froud, Robert James (2011). Systematic review of populations, reporting, and outcomes, with bias estimation (PROBE) in back pain trials: 1980-2012. PART II - Minimally important changes.
• Froud, Robert James & Bjørkli, Tom Eirik (2011). Systematic review of populations, reporting, and outcomes, with bias esti- mation (PROBE) in back pain trials: 1980-2012. .
• Froud, Robert James (2011). Research in Osteopathy.
• Froud, Robert James (2010). The quality of cluster randomised trials in oral health.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). Estimating number needed to treat (NNT) from continuous outcomes in randomised controlled trials: methodological challenges and a worked example using data from the UK Back Pain Exercise and Manipulation (BEAM) trial.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). Minimally important change on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). FAce validity of Back pain Outcome reporting methods (FABO).
• Froud, Robert James (2009). A systematic review of randomised control trials of clinical prediction rules for low back pain.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). Face validity of reporting back pain trial outcomes.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). A conservative or liberal practice framework?
• Froud, Robert James, Collins, P, Rajendran, Dévan, Mullinger, Brenda & Fossum, Christian (2008). How do patients feel post treatment? Pilot study of self-reported adverse events at a UK osteopathic teaching clinic. .
• Froud, Robert James (2008). Minimally important change on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. .
• Froud, Robert James (2008). Calculating NNT using continuous outcome measures. A reanalysis of the UK BEAM trial.
• Froud, Robert James (2008). Should osteopathy get back to its roots? .
• Froud, Robert James (2007). Reporting methods in back pain trials. Part II: The power of low back pain trials.
• Froud, Robert James (2007). Reporting methods in back pain trials. Part I: Outcome measures. .

Product

• Froud, Robert James (2015). Back pain: are we measuring the right things?
• Froud, Robert James & Abel, Gary (2014). ROCMIC v2.0: Stata module to estimate minimally important change (MIC) thresholds for continuous clinical outcome measures using ROC curves.
• Froud, Robert James (2009). BCII: Stata module to estimate the number needed to treat (NNT) and confidence intervals for patients improving, or ‘benefiting’ (either improvements gained or deteriorations prevented), in a randomised controlled trial. .
• Froud, Robert James (2009). ROCMIC: Stata module to estimate minimally important change (MIC) thresholds for continuous clinical outcome measures using ROC curves.

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